This course covers World History from the 4th century to advent of the Telegraph in the 19th century; fifteen centuries that have shaped our present society.
History II – Medieval to Modern World
Course Description
This engaging course offers a chronological overview of world history from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the modern era. Beginning with the foundation of Constantinople, we will trace the evolution of civilizations through the medieval period, the Renaissance, and into the shaping of the contemporary world.
Designed for beginners, no prior knowledge is needed – just a curiosity about how the past continues to influence the present. Along the way, you’ll explore key historical events, cultural movements, and influential figures that have shaped society, giving you a deeper understanding of the world around you.
Studying history enriches our ability to interpret the world with greater depth and context. Many of the ideas that underpin modern politics, philosophy, ethics, and religion have roots in ancient and medieval thought.
This course helps participants make sense of literature, film, art, and architecture, while also enhancing visits to museums, galleries, and historical sites. Whether you're looking to expand your cultural literacy, enjoy more meaningful conversations, or simply learn for the joy of it, this course offers a rewarding journey through the story of civilisation.
Course notes will be provided, including a list of recommended books to read and films to watch.
Course Structure
This is a lecture-style course with plenty of opportunity for interactive discussion and debate.
Lesson 1: The Fall of Rome and the Rise of Byzantium (300–550)
We begin with the decline of the Western Roman Empire and the survival of the East through Byzantium. We'll explore the barbarian invasions by Goths, Huns, and Slavs, alongside the parallel collapse of the Han Dynasty in China.
Lesson 2: Byzantium, Islam, and Shifting Powers (550–900)
This session covers the Byzantine-Persian conflict, the rise of Islam, and its rapid expansion across the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe. We’ll also look at the Church’s growing influence, monasticism, and cultural revival in places like Ireland and Northumbria, as well as external threats from Moors, Vikings, and Slavs. In China, the Sui and Tang dynasties rise after a period of fragmentation.
Lesson 3: The Age of Faith and Feudal Europe (800–1200)
Charlemagne and the spread of Christianity define this period, along with new invasions by Vikings and Magyars. We’ll explore feudalism, village life, the revival of trade and towns, and the rise of maritime powers like Venice and the Hanseatic League. The Seljuk victory at Manzikert marks a turning point in East-West relations.
Lesson 4: Crusades and European Expansion (1000–1300)
This lesson focuses on the Crusades and Norman expansion in England and Sicily. We’ll examine the rise and fall of Crusader states, ending with the retreat from Acre and Christian withdrawal from the Holy Land.
Lesson 5: Crisis and Change in Church and Empire (1250–1420)
We explore the struggle between Papacy and Empire, Mongol invasions, the Black Death, and widespread social unrest. The lesson also covers the Papal "Babylonian Captivity," early reformers like Wycliffe and Huss, and growing calls for Church reform.
Lesson 6: Renaissance and Reformation (1250–1550)
We trace Byzantium’s final fall, the cultural flowering of the Renaissance in Italy and Germany, and the rise of European nation-states. The session ends with the religious upheavals of the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation.
Lesson 7: Exploration and Empire (1500–1789)
Europe expands globally as Spain and Portugal lead the Age of Discovery. We examine colonialism, religious conflicts, and the emergence of Britain as a world power. Scientific advancements reshape knowledge in medicine and natural science.
Lesson 8: Revolution and the Modern Age (1789–2000)
The course concludes with the French and Russian Revolutions, global conflicts including two World Wars, technological innovation, decolonisation, and the end of European dominance – setting the stage for the modern world.
Course Learning Outcomes
After completing this course students will be able to:
- Outline major historical developments from the fall of Rome to the modern era
- Recognise the impact of religion, philosophy, and politics on global history
- Understand how past events shaped modern societies, cultures, and institutions
- Identify key historical figures, movements, and turning points
- Interpret historical references in literature, film, art, and architecture
- Engage confidently in discussions about history and its relevance today.
Students may wish to continue their learning by enrolling in the companion course ‘History I – The Ancient World’.
Course Textbook
While there is no prescribed textbook for this course, for absolute beginners the following is a recommended read:
A very short History of the World by Geoffrey BLAINEY, published by Penguins Books (2004,2013).
Student Testimonials
“I found this course fantastic – relevant to our current times.”
“Gene is extremely knowledgeable and passionate about his topic; he brings different facets to each lecture and his history courses can be taken on more than one time.”
“A most excellent tutor, very much brings alive the events and subjects.”
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